Social security is one of the supreme religious objectives and the most fundamental principles of social justice in Islam. Reviewing the early experience of Islam, criticizing the experiences of the capitalist countries and Iran, and recognizing the objective realities of the subject, the book presents the social security in accordance with the resources of religious knowledge, and analytically and descriptively explains the general guidelines on how to organize contemporary social security problems within the framework of Islamic economics. The research findings show that the conventional social security systems have improved individuals’ livelihoods; however, there are a lot of theoretical problems and practical challenges with these systems in terms of internal consistency of elements (foundations, objectives, and strategies), functional results, and compatibility with Islamic principles. The investigation of this issue within the framework of the epistemic resources for Islamic economics has led to the development of a distinct social security model based on private procurement, public solidarity, and state guarantees. This model possesses more distinctive features than the other conventional models, resulting in its superiority.