The present book is outlined into two sections. Using a simple language, the first section introduces the most important issues of philosophical psychology for undergraduate students in psychology. Topics such as definition of the soul, the essence of the soul, the two dimensions of man, the immateriality of the soul, the perfection of the soul, and the immortality of the soul are addressed based on a rational and philosophical method. This section adopts an approach different from the current approach in contemporary psychology, which is a merely experimental approach to the recognition of human mental dimensions. The second section discusses the biological foundations of behavior, which is one of the basic issues in Islamic psychology and philosophy. Given that learning is directly correlated with human’s will, the Islamic personality and concepts which imply its meaning, psychopathology, and the scholars’ approach to the mental disorders as well as its education and status from the viewpoint of the Muslim scholars are discussed in detail.