Principles of Political Thought in Islam (Vol. III): Anthropological Foundations
The Qur'an considers the individuals’ spiritual and physical differences, their needs to each other, and their ability to meet the other’s needs as the explicit divine objectives of the creation in order to make individuals more dependent on each other in terms of their needs and to motivate them for a cooperation-based community life. Coexistence cannot be achieved by individuals’ liberalism, lustfulness, and egocentrism; therefore, the Quran introduces Tawhid as a common principle for the formation of a religious community, through which harmful liberties are controlled, lust and selfishness are inhibited, the grounds for the unity, coexistence, and the establishment of a society are provided, and the material and spiritual, and mundane and divine rights are supplied. Accordingly, Tawhid is the main principle underlying individuals’ coexistence, which would lead to other foundations such as moral development, justice, lawfulness, discipline, security, growth, development, and construction for the other members of the society. In the verse "Help ye one another in righteousness and piety, but help ye not one another in sin and rancor: fear Allah as Allah is strict in punishment," God succinctly invite us toward these principles and coexistence principles approved by Him, and forbid us from any sinful unity and cooperation.